Public-Private Partnership Contract (PPP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nA foreign entity may establish its presence in Vietnam as a limited liability company with one or more members, a jointstock company, a partnership, a branch, a business cooperation contract or a representative office. Foreign investors are also permitted to purchase an interest in existing domestic enterprises, subject to ownership restrictions; this varies depending on the relevant industry sector. The main characteristics and management structures of the common business entities are summarised below:<\/p>\n
Limited Liability Company<\/h3>\n
A limited liability company (LLC) is a legal entity established by capital contribution which is treated as equity (or charter capital) from its members. A LLC is not allowed to issue shares. The total number of members in a LLC is restricted to 50 (applied to form of a LLC with more than two members). Members of a LLC are liable for the financial obligations of the LLC within the capital contributed – or indertaken to be contributed – to the company.<\/p>\n
\u200bA LLC may be established by foreign investors either in one of the two following forms:<\/p>\n
i) A 100% foreign-owned enterprise (where all members are foreign investors); or:<\/p>\n
ii) A joint-venture enterprise with at least one Vietnamese investor.<\/p>\n
Joint Stock Company<\/h3>\n
A joint stock company (JSC) is a legal entity established by its founding shareholders on the basis of their subscription of shares of the JSC. The charter capital of a JSC is divided into shares and each founding shareholder holds a number of shares corresponding to their subscribed and paid-up shares in the JSC.<\/p>\n
A JSC is required to have at least three shareholders (with no maximum number of shareholders). A JSC may take the form of either (i) 100% foreign-owned; or\u00a0(ii) a joint venture between foreign and domestic investors.<\/p>\n
Partnership<\/h3>\n
A partnership may be established between two individual managing partners. The managing partners have unlimited liability for all abligations of the partnership. Besides managing partners, a partnership may have contributing partners who are only liable for the financial obligations of the partnership upto the value of their contributed capital.<\/p>\n
Business Cooperation Contract<\/h3>\n
A Business Cooperation Contract (BCC) is not normally signed between foreign investors and Vietnamese investors in order to carry out certain business activities..<\/p>\n
\u200bBCC is executed without the creation of a new legal entity. Instead, parties to a BCC shall establish a co-ordination board to implement and oversee the BCC. The investors to a BCC mutually agree on allocation of responsibilities and sharing of profits\/loses arising from a BCC. BCC’s parties hold unlimited liability for the financial abligations of the BCC.<\/p>\n
Public-Private Partnership<\/h3>\n
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) contract is an investment form set up on the basis of a contract between relevant government authorities and project companies to perform certain regulated infrustructure works and public services, e.g. transportation system, water supply system, power plants, educational and healthcare-related infrastructure, etc.\u200b<\/p>\n
PPP contracts comprise Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Build-Transfer (BT), Build-Transfer-Operate (BTO), Build-Own-Operate (BOO), Build-Transfer-Lease (BTL), Build-Lease-Transfer (BLT) and Operate-Manage (O&M) Contracts.<\/p>\n
After signing PPP contracts with an authorized state agency, foreign investors must establish a project company in the form of a limited liability company or a joint stock company. PPP contracts clearly set out the rights and obligations of foreign investors to such contracts.<\/p>\n
Mergers and Acquisitions<\/h3>\n
The legal framswork for M&A is set out under the Law on Enterprise and Law on Invesment and their guiding documents, which cover conditions, procedures and tax consequences of such activities.<\/p>\n
The Competition Law also has an effect on M&A activities. Where a merger or acquisition may result in a legal entity with a market\u00a0share accounting for 30% to 50% of the relevant market, the legal representative of such entity must notify the competition management body before the merger\/acquisition is implemented, unless the law provides otherwise. A merger or acquisition\u00a0that result in a new entity with its market share accounting for more than 50% of the relevant market is prohibited, unless otherwise stipulated in the Competition Law.<\/p>\n
Other Investment Forms<\/h3>\n
All indirect investment activities of foreign investors in Vietnam must be conducted in Vietnamese Dong via an indirectly-invested capital account opened at a permitted bank. Balances in indirectly-invested capital accounts of foreign investors cannot be converted into time deposits, or saving deposits at credit institutions and foreign bank branches.\u200b<\/p>\n
Below are examples of frequently-conducted indirect investment activities in Vietnam:<\/p>\n
Capital contribution, sale\/purchase of shares or contributed capital<\/strong>\u00a0in Vietnamese enterprises without directly participating in the enterprise management and administration.<\/p>\nCapital contribution, transfer of contributed capital<\/strong>\u00a0in securities investment funds and fund management enterprises in accordance with the laws on securities.<\/p>\nSale\/purchase of other valuable papers<\/strong>\u00a0in Vietnamese Dong permitted to issue within Vietnam’s territory by organizational residents.<\/p>\nSale\/purchase of bonds and other types of stocks<\/strong> in the Vietnamese securities market.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Meet our consultants<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u300aThe Law on Enterprises (LOE) was adopted by Vietnam\u2019s National Assembly on 17\u00a0June 2020\u00a0and took effect on 1 January 2021. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":14374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[366],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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